The joint report by AAI and Americans for Financial Reform Education Fund (AFREF), The Growth of Private Equity Ownership in the Home Healthcare Market, uncovered that the top five private equity firms amassed a staggering $850 million in Medicare revenue and ran nearly 280 facilities throughout 2020. Antitrust regulators have been put on high alert by these revelations, cautioning against potential concerns. Co-authors Diana Moss, President of AAI, and Oscar Valdes Viera, Research Manager for Americans for Financial Reform, recently shared their insights with McKnight’s Home Care on a Newsmakers podcast. Click here to listen.
Colorado Attorney General Philip Weiser Accepts AAI’s 2023 Antitrust Achievement Award, Jonathan Sallet Shares Thoughts on His Remarkable Impact
May 23, 2023 — AAI honored Colorado Attorney General Philip Weiser with the Alfred E. Kahn Award for Antitrust Achievement for his significant contributions to antitrust enforcement at AAI’s 24th Annual Policy Conference: Taking Stock of Antitrust’s Pro-Enforcement Movement. Watch his acceptance video below.
Jonathan Sallet, Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Litigation, Antitrust Division, U.S. Department of Justice, was invited to provide his insights on AG Weiser’s acceptance of this award. Read Sallet’s full remarks here.
Twice elected as Attorney General for Colorado, AG Weiser’s exceptional leadership in antitrust has resulted in numerous successful cases that have protected consumers and promoted competition in a variety of industries. His work shows a commitment to protecting competition and consumers from harmful business practices.
Most recently, AG Weiser urged the courts to block the proposed merger of retail grocery giants Kroger and Albertsons. He has championed numerous investigations and prosecutions of antitrust violations in the telecommunications, pharmaceutical, and tech industries. In 2019, the Colorado Department of Law joined a coalition of state attorneys general in suing to block the T-Mobile and Sprint merger. He sued Purdue Pharma for its role in the opioid crisis and Big Pharma for alleging price-fixing, and was involved in antitrust lawsuits against Google and Facebook.
Below are highlights from Sallet’s remarks.
“It’s a privilege to work for Phil Weiser. He’s a great leader, lawyer and, of course, antitrust expert. But there’s more. Phil is a person of values. Not what’s convenient, but what is correct. Not what’s popular, but what is principled. There’s a biblical passage that he likes. It’s from the Book of Deuteronomy and it says, “Justice, Justice you shall pursue.” (16:20).
The pursuit of justice is all-important; to correct wrongs, to counter prejudice and hate, to hold people accountable. It takes many people, working together, over time, to bend the arc of the moral universe toward justice.
But it’s not enough to pursue justice where others have done injustice; it’s just as important to practice justice oneself. And that is what Phil does and that is even more unique than, say, understanding the Microsoft decision. Phil practices justice in the way he thinks and the way he acts; in the conduct of his office and in course of his own life. Leadership is not the act of just issuing edicts from afar, it’s the work of inspiring people up close, treating them fairly and with respect, always understanding what you are doing for them not just what they are doing for you. That’s what Phil does and that’s an example of practicing justice.”
AAI Welcomes Oscar Rodas-Falla: Summer 2023 Intern and Recipient of ABA’s Inaugural Diversity Stipend
Oscar Rodas-Falla has joined AAI as a Summer 2023 Intern. Oscar is an inaugural recipient of the ABA Antitrust Division’s 2023 Law Student Diversity Stipend. “We are thrilled to welcome Oscar to AAI as our summer intern. As an organization dedicated to promoting competition and fostering diversity in the antitrust community, we are pleased to have Oscar on board,” said AAI President Diana Moss. “His work will support AAI’s critical leadership in promoting strong antitrust enforcement and competition policy. We look forward to a productive and enriching summer together.”
As an AAI Summer Intern, Oscar hopes to advance AAI’s pro-enforcement mission and engage with complex issues in the antitrust world to defend the values of fair competition and consumer welfare.
AAI’s Diana Moss Applauds Ruling Against American Airlines and JetBlue Partnership in Washington Post, Citing Concerns over Revenue-Sharing Impact
In the Washington Post’s article titled “Justice Department wins bid to block American, JetBlue alliance,” the federal judge’s decision to order American Airlines and JetBlue Airways to dismantle their partnership in the Northeast is discussed. AAI’s President Diana Moss emphasized the significance of revenue-sharing in the arrangement. Moss explained that when airlines share revenue, it eliminates the incentive for competition since it would be like taking from one to benefit the other. She differentiated the Northeast Alliance from mere schedule coordination, stating that the sharing of revenue between American and JetBlue hindered competition in the domestic air travel market. AAI has been actively advocating against this codeshare arrangement, both at the Department of Justice and Department of Transportation. From the article:
Diana Moss, president of the American Antitrust Institute, a nonprofit that seeks to promote competition, said the Northeast Alliance was different because the carriers didn’t just coordinate schedules, but also shared revenue.
“When you share revenue, you immediately eliminate the incentive to compete against each other, because if you did, it would be like robbing Peter to pay Paul,” she said.
As EU Clears Microsoft-Activision Deal, AAI’s Diana Moss Comments on Divergence in Global Antitrust Enforcement in Law360
In a Law360 article published on May 16, 2023, EU’s Microsoft-Activision OK Raises Question: Fix Or Fight?, AAI President Diana Moss noted that the decision highlighted the differences in enforcement approaches between the EU, the US, and the UK. From the article:
“The MS-Activision deal frames up a major but expected difference between global enforcement approaches in a ‘pro-enforcement’ era. That is, what is the most effective remedy for an anticompetitive merger — to move to enjoin it or to settle it with a remedy?” Diana L. Moss, president of the American Antitrust Institute and a critic of the deal, said in an email.
Strengthening Competition and Privacy: AAI’s Diana Moss Explores the FTC’s Crucial Role in Tackling Big Tech on Bloomberg Technology
On May 8, AAI President Diana Moss joined Bloomberg Technology for a thought-provoking discussion on the Federal Trade Commission’s (FTC) role in addressing competition and privacy issues posed by Big Tech. Diana brought her expertise in antitrust matters to bear on these critical issues, sharing insights on the challenges that dominant tech platforms present to competition, privacy, and innovation.
During the interview, Diana emphasized the importance of antitrust enforcement in ensuring fair competition and protecting consumer welfare in the digital market. She pointed out the need for robust antitrust measures to curb anti-competitive practices, safeguard privacy rights, and promote a level playing field for all market participants.
Watch the full interview, beginning at 26:18-30:52.
Jerry S. Cohen Award for Antitrust Scholarship: 2023 Winning Articles
The recipients of the 21st Annual Jerry S. Cohen Award for Antitrust Scholarship were announced today by Cohen Milstein. Each year, AAI hosts the presentation of this award at the Annual Policy Conference luncheon. The award is administered by the law firm he founded, Cohen Milstein. The award was created through a trust established in honor of the late Jerry S. Cohen, an outstanding trial lawyer and antitrust writer and given each year to the best antitrust writing during the prior year that is consistent with the following standards established by the Board of Trustees of the Jerry S. Cohen Memorial Fund.
Erik Hovenkamp was selected for his article, “The Antitrust Duty to Deal in the Age of Big Tech,” 131 Yale L.J. 1483 (2022). The article argues that the law on exclusive dealing has failed to distinguish between “primary” and “secondary” refusals to deal, and that the suffocating evidentiary requirements imposed on refusal to deal claims should not be applied to secondary refusals to deal because they do not implicate the same innovation concerns that motivate suspicion of “primary” refusal to deal claims. Instead, the author argues that secondary refusal to deal claims should be evaluated analogously to tying or related vertical restraints.
Gopal Das Varma and Martino De Stefano were selected for their article, “Entry Deterrence, Concentration, and Merger Policy,” 61 Rev. of Indus. Org. 199 (2022). The authors criticize current merger enforcement for weighing post-merger entry as a factor potentially mitigating the otherwise anticompetitive effects of a merger without also considering how the merger could increase incentives by incumbents to engage in conduct calculated to deter future entry. They construct a game-theoretic model which demonstrates that a merger can reduce the likelihood of entry even at elevated profit levels by increasing incumbent incentives to invest in entry deterrence.
The three winning authors will share a $12,400 prize and will each receive an inscribed original artwork created by Lori Milstein.
In addition, this year’s award selection committee conferred six category awards, as follows:
- Best Antitrust Article of 2022 on Burdens of Proof: Robin C. Feldman and Mark A. Lemley for “Atomistic Antitrust,” 63 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 1869 (2022)
- Best Antitrust Article of 2022 on Platforms: John B. Kirkwood for “Tech Giant Exclusion,” 74 Fla. L. Rev. 63 (2022).
- Best Antitrust Article of 2022 on Common Ownership: D. Daniel Sokol for “Debt, Control, and Collusion,” 71 Emory L.J. 695 (2022).
- Best Antitrust Article of 2022 on Vertical Mergers: Simon Loertscher and Leslie M. Marx for “Double Markups, Information, and Vertical Mergers,” 67 The Antitrust Bull. 434 (2022).
- Best Antitrust Article of 2022 on Horizontal Mergers: Volker Nocke and Michael D. Whinston for “Concentration Thresholds for Horizontal Mergers,” 112 Amer. Econ. Rev. 1915 (2022).
- Best Antitrust Article of 2022 on Collusion in Auctions: Sylvain Chassang, Kei Kawai, Jun Nakabayashi and Juan Ortner for “Robust Screens for Non-Competitive Bidding in Procurement Auctions,” 90 Econometrica 315 (2022).
This year’s award selection committee consisted of Zachary Caplan, Trial Attorney at the U.S. Department of Justice, Antitrust Division; Warren Grimes, Professor of Law at Southwestern Law School; John Kirkwood, Professor of Law at Seattle University School of Law; Roger Noll, Professor Emeritus of Economics at Stanford University; Leslie Marx, Professor of Economics at Duke Fuqua School of Business, Robert Lande, Professor of Law at University of Baltimore School of Law; Daniel A. Small, Of Counsel at Cohen Milstein Sellers & Toll PLLC, and Daniel H. Silverman, Partner at Cohen Milstein Sellers & Toll PLLC. (Professor Marx and Professor Kirkwood recused themselves from deliberations relating to their own articles.)
AAI Honors Colorado Attorney General Philip Weiser with 2023 Alfred E. Kahn Award for Antitrust Achievement
The American Antitrust Institute will present Colorado’s Attorney General, Philip Weiser, with the 2023 Alfred E. Kahn Award for Antitrust Achievement for his significant contributions to antitrust enforcement at AAI’s 24th Annual Policy Conference: Taking Stock of Antitrust’s Pro-Enforcement Movement at the National Press Club in Washington, DC on May 23, 2023.
“We are delighted to present the Award for Antitrust Achievement to Attorney General Weiser,” said AAI President, Diana Moss. “He has dedicated a career to promoting stronger and more effective competition enforcement, with tangible, positive effects for consumers and workers. In creating an ongoing legacy through the multiple prongs of enforcement, policy, and scholarship, AG Weiser is indisputably a leader of the pro-enforcement era,” she added.
Twice elected as Attorney General for Colorado, AG Weiser’s exceptional leadership in antitrust has resulted in numerous successful cases that have protected consumers and promoted competition in a variety of industries. His work shows a commitment to protecting competition and consumers from harmful business practices.
Most recently, AG Weiser urged the courts to block the proposed merger of retail grocery giants Kroger and Albertsons. He has championed numerous investigations and prosecutions of antitrust violations in the telecommunications, pharmaceutical, and tech industries. In 2019, the Colorado Department of Law joined a coalition of state attorneys general in suing to block the T-Mobile and Sprint merger. He sued Purdue Pharma for its role in the opioid crisis and Big Pharma for alleging price-fixing, and was involved in antitrust lawsuits against Google and Facebook.
Pamela Gilbert, Chair of AAI’s Board of Directors, explained that “AG Weiser’s contributions span a remarkable portfolio of influential and respected work across scholarship, enforcement, and policy. The substance and spirit of his contributions are at the heart of AAI’s Award for Antitrust Achievement.”
AG Weiser is Adjunct Faculty & Dean Emeritus of the University of Colorado Law School. While on the law school faculty, he was the Hatfield Professor of Law and Telecommunications, served as Dean, and was Executive Director and Founder of the Silicon Flatirons Center for Law, Technology, and Entrepreneurship. AG Weiser also served as Senior Advisor for Technology and Innovation to the National Economic Council Director at the White House and as the Deputy Assistant Attorney General at the United States Department of Justice’s Antitrust Division.
AG Weiser has made leading contributions to scholarship in antitrust and competition policy. He has co-authored three books: Digital Crossroads: American Telecommunications Policy in the Internet Age, Telecommunications Law, and Policy, and The Jury and Democracy: How Jury Deliberation Promotes Civic Engagement and Political Participation. He has written numerous articles in both law journals and publications such as the Washington Post and Foreign Affairs, and has testified before both houses of Congress.
Prior to becoming Attorney General for Colorado, Weiser remained engaged in public service, arguing a number of pro bono cases before the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals, co-chairing the Colorado Innovation Council, and serving as the lead agency reviewer for the Federal Trade Commission as part of the 2008 Presidential Transition. He was also law clerk to Justices Byron R. White and Ruth Bader Ginsburg at the United States Supreme Court and to Judge David Ebel at the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals.
The AAI Alfred E. Kahn Award for Antitrust Achievement, first presented in 2000, honors individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the field of antitrust. Attorney General Weiser joins the following past honorees: Joel Klein, Robert Pitofsky, F.M. Scherer, Alfred E. Kahn, Lloyd Constantine, Thomas B. Leary, Senators Herb Kohl and Mike DeWine, Maxwell Blecher, John Shenefield, Eleanor M. Fox, Steven Salop, Mario Monti, Roger G. Noll, Kathleen Foote, John M. Connor, Donald I. Baker, Jonathan W. Cuneo, William Baer, Senator Amy Klobuchar, Stephen Calkins, Albert A. Foer, Robert Skitol, and Senator Richard Blumenthal.
AAI Welcomes Melissa Maxman, Evan Starr, and Judith Zahid to the AAI Advisory Board
On April 19, 2023, AAI announced three new members to the AAI Advisory Board. Melissa Maxman is Managing Partner of Cohen & Gresser’s Washington, DC office. Evan Starr is Associate Professor of Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland. Judith Zahid is Co-chair of the Antitrust group at Zelle, LLP and Managing Partner of the Oakland office.
“We are delighted that Melissa, Evan, and Judith have joined the AAI Advisory Board,” said AAI President, Diana Moss. “They bring valuable experience and insight to AAI’s Advisory Board braintrust, including in areas of labor economics, private antitrust litigation, and international issues,” she added. AAI’s volunteer Advisory Board consists of outstanding experts in the fields of antitrust and consumer protection law, economics, and business in the United States and abroad.
Melissa H. Maxman is the Managing Partner of Cohen & Gresser’s Washington, D.C. office. She has decades of litigation experience at both the trial and appellate levels, primarily in the areas of antitrust, RICO, environmental law, complex commercial disputes, and white collar defense. She has extensive experience advising domestic and foreign corporations on global antitrust issues. She has represented clients in complex civil and criminal matters before the Federal Trade Commission, the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice, and in private civil matters. Melissa has been recognized in The Legal 500’s U.S. guide in the commercial litigation, corporate investigations, white collar defense, general commercial disputes, and antitrust categories, where she is described as a “brilliant thinker and lawyer” with a “deep knowledge in antitrust” who is “a passionate defender of her clients in litigation.” She has also been recognized by Chambers USA in the antitrust litigation specialists category, in which she was described as “strong knowledgeable counsel with strong litigation, policy, and legislative skills and experience.” She has also been named one of Washington, D.C.’s Super Lawyers each year since 2011. Melissa has also been recognized by Lawdragon as one of 2022’s 500 Leading Litigators in America.
Evan Starr is an Associate Professor of Management & Organization at the Robert H. Smith School of Business at the University of Maryland. He received a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Michigan and a bachelor’s degree from Denison University. He originally hails from Claremont, California. Starr’s current research examines issues at the intersection of human capital accumulation, employee mobility, entrepreneurship, and innovation. In a recent set of projects utilizing employee-employer matched data and survey data that he and coauthors developed, Starr examined the use and impacts of noncompete agreements and their enforceability on the provision of firm-sponsored training, employee mobility and earnings, and on the creation, growth, and survival of new ventures.
Judith Zahid is Managing Partner of the Oakland office and co-chair of the Firm’s Antitrust group. Judith’s practice is focused on assessing complex antitrust claims and pursuing recoveries on behalf of individual corporate clients in many different industries, with a growing expertise in the pharmaceutical and healthcare sectors. She has represented plaintiffs in numerous high-stakes price-fixing and monopolization cases, with recoveries from those cases totaling well over $2 billion. While Judith is involved in all aspects of the cases she litigates, she places particular emphasis on her work with industry and damages experts.
AAI’s Resources on the Airline Industry
The American Antitrust Institute has been at the forefront of analyzing the impact of mergers on competition on the airline industry, providing expert analysis and testimony to regulatory agencies and policymakers. AAI has advocated for rigorous antitrust scrutiny of these transactions to ensure that they do not harm competition or consumers.
AAI has conducted extensive research on issues such as airline mergers, alliances, and pricing practices in the airline industry. We have been critical of the consolidation that has occurred in the airline industry in recent years, arguing that it has led to higher prices, reduced service, and diminished competition. We have advocated for increased antitrust enforcement to prevent further consolidation and promote competition in the industry, and have called for greater transparency in airline pricing practices.
AAI’s work on promoting competition in the airline industry continues. We are closely monitoring developments in the industry, including new mergers and acquisitions, pricing practices, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the industry. Through our research and advocacy efforts, AAI will continue to promote policies that foster competition in the airline industry and benefit consumers and workers.
AAI Research
AAI Asks Eleventh Circuit to Preserve Full Damages For Overcharges (Siegel v. Delta Airlines)
AAI Issues White Paper: “Delivering the Benefits? Efficiencies and Airline Mergers”
AAI Advocacy
AAI’s Diana Moss Predicts Higher Prices and Limited Choices Due to JetBlue-Spirit Merger in Forbes
AAI’s Diana Moss Urges DOJ to Block Spirit Airlines and JetBlue Merger on NPR’s Morning Edition
Law360 Highlights AAI Analysis in Reporting on Latest Rash of Airline Merger Proposals
Moss Testifies About Airline Merger Before Senate Judiciary Committee Subcommittee on Antitrust
AAI Impact
DOT to Review American-JetBlue Northeast Alliance Again After AAI Calls Process “Highly Irregular”
Antitrust Experts Question DOJ’s Remedies in Mega-Airline Merger Settlement